Wednesday, November 8, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - day 19

 

Day 19 color

Hey, kids.  I've been neglecting the blog, but not our juice.

Above is an extreme closeup of one of the carboys.  We've moved from goopy yellowish sherbet (see the day 5 post) to orangeade.  I keep saying, oh, next year I'll get a Pantone(R) deck so I can give more exact descriptions, but that just doesn't happen.

Very few bubbles moving in the juice.  Little-to-no popping of the airlocks.  Lots of settled lees and dead yeast.  Juice is at ambient temperature.

Last year we went 27 days between moving out of the primary fermenter and the next racking.  This year we're so far 14 days out the primary and there's no particular reason to think our next move will not be in about 2 weeks.

Wednesday, October 25, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - day 5

 0630

Danger!  Danger, Will Robinson!

  • Room 72 F; Outside 51 F
  • Juice 78F; Brix -0.1
Things have gone insanely fast in the main tank.  So I'm moving everything to smaller vessels where I can top up and not worry about the lack of a CO2 cover.

The end result is 5+5+5+5+3+1.  Each of the fives has been topped up with juice from the original 3 gallon carboy.  The 3 and the 1 are pretty darn muddy with the bottom juice of the original vessels.  For volume comparison, this is 2.5 gallons more juice than last year, from the same weight of grapes.  It's either from the grapes being on the vine for something like 26 days longer this year, or the pretty intense amount of stomping the grapes gt this year - there was an awful lot of free-run juice.  Or a combination of both things.  Who knows?

Pics are of the boys, and of one of my favorite sites: the intense flow of pinprick CO2 bubbles up the glass walls of a carboy.



2130

Extremely fine bubbles up the sides of the carboys.  The 5 gallon CBs are popping about 4 to 5 times a minute.  No measurements taken.

Tuesday, October 24, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - day 4

0000

Surprise!  First bubbler action in the CB, and creepy gaping foam in the primary.   Late and sleepy, did not take any measurements, but the smell of fermentation is all through the house.

 



0730

  • Room 72 F, outside 45 F
  • Juice 84 F, Brix 6 (7 after bubbling rise)
Holy cow!  This is a giant shift.  You could feel the heat emanating from the primary tank as soon as you got near it.  And roughly 66% of the sugars that were present in the wine 24 hours ago got converted.  I'll graph this out and compare it to past years.  Unexpected, but maybe I've just forgotten?

And look how different things are from only 7 and a half hours ago in the primary:



2000
  • Room 72 F, outside 58 F
  • Juice 82 F, Brix 1.9 on the short scale hydrometer
Things are continuing on at a whacky rate.  I wasn't believing my eyes on the regular hydrometer, so I switched to the short scale.  Really is 1.9.  So, again in a 12 hour span 66% of the existing sugar burned off into alcohol.  

Monday, October 23, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - day 3

 0800

  • Room 71 F, outside 49 F
  • Juice 72 F, Brix 18 (21 after bubbling rise)
Everything's gone shaggy again inside the main tank, and flat (but prickly) again in the CB.  Video is 10 seconds or so of what's happening in the tank.  Maybe too much ambient sound from the fridge and furnace to properly hear the CO2 bubbles bursting.  Play it big and load.  Below the video, the still photo is of the thermometer in the tank, showing, if you look very closely, that the shag, while active, is less than an inch deep.  (Six commas in that last sentence.  Oy.)





1300

Suddenly it smells like a big ferment in the cellar.  Amazing change from this morning.
And foam returns to the CB.




Sunday, October 22, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - day 2

 0730

Cellar 71F, Outside 50 F, juice 66 F.  Brix 22 (maybe 22.5) in the primary tank

No surprises.  No real sign of fermentation yet, and I'm not expecting any until this evening, and would not worry about there not being any until tomorrow morning.

Just for yucks, I used two different hydrometers for the brix reading.  I wanted to test my worry that the older hydrometer's scale has slipped.  Verdict: not so much.  There was maybe half a brix difference between the two, and of course I couldn't say which was more correct.  But the new one has fancy colors, so that's the one I'll use.

1800

Shag, Momma, shag!  Might take a temperature or brix reading later this evening, but both vessels have started to ferment.  The shag in the primary is deep and bubbled, the CB more pf a stout's priest-collar.  Neither is pushing the bubbler, but there's a lot of head-room so I'm not expecting much.

2130

First there is a mountain...

Cellar 73 F, Outside 49 F, juice 70 F.  Brix 20.5/23? in the primary tank

OK, pic below is of the priests's collar that's still in the CB.  But the shag in the primary that was there at 1800 ... disappeared!  In it's place, though, is the fizz of ferm: listen to the audio here.  The big brix span I'm listing is because 20.5 is what I first got in the tube, but after leaving that to tend to the tank temp, when I returned to the hydrometer it had hoisted to 23.  I think that higher reading was due to the fizz / bubbles lifting the hydrometer in the tube.  I trust the low reading.

priest's collar




Saturday, October 21, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - Day 1

Tent, sorting table, and all of the small gear up and in place by 7:30 AM.  Didn't rain a drop while putting things out, then there was a short wave of pretty heavy rain.

We're sitting pretty.   Light rain ending around noon.  I think we can be done sorting before then, or mostly so, and bring up the destemmer and press when the rain stops, but your mileage may vary.  Tic tic tic

Luxury.  Thanks for the loaner, Toby.


10:15 AM:  Sorting well underway.  8 of us out there now.



Well, the rest of the day was a whirlwind.  We had many helpers (see sidebar).  Extremely enthusiastic stompers.  Things moved quickly until we hit the bottleneck of the press, got a good deal of relief by bringing some of the equipment up to the Snyder/Schoeler house to use their hose and wash things down.  

MH [osted a nice video of the work.  Newcomer NN says she took lots of photos.  Will flesh things out over the next few days.

Lots of juice - the most we've gotten from this weight of white grapes.  Too much of rht 100 liter tank, and so we probably have that tank 90% full and have transferred the rest to a 3 gallon carboy for primary ferm.

Winemakers' lunch - at one point we hat 17 people at the table in the backyard.  Went through plenty of what remained of last year's wine.

And at 10  PM or so we pitched 35 grams of Alchemy 1 into the big tank, and 5 grams into the CB.  I'm miffed with myself for being lazy at that point, but I was bushed.  Did use distilled water to hydrate the yeast, but did not bring the water properly up to 105F.  Got some stubborn clumping.  Working on plan B if we don't have some action at 24/36 hours.

Friday, October 20, 2023

2023 Chardonnay - Day zero!

Well, posting dell off for the 2022 Chardonnay, but it was probably the best wine we've made.  I'll try to keep things more up to date for this year's wine.  Maybe I'll post some notebook pages to close out 2022.

Harvest is darned late!  This will be the lates we've started by at least a couple of weeks.  Once again we're going with Chardonnay from the Lanza vineyard in Suissan valley.  12 x 36#.  Sister K has already picked it up and is driving down no.

Must has recommended Alchemy 1 yeast.  Scott Labs says:

ALCHEMY I is a complementary blend of yeast strains that focus on thiol revelation, thiol conversion, and ester production resulting in intensely fruity wines.

  • Produces aromatically complex wines that display tropical, citrus, and floral aromas
  • Temperature management is essential and therefore barrel fermentation should be avoided
  • Blend of S. cerevisiae wine yeast strains
  • Developed in collaboration with the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI), Australia
  • Frequently used in: Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Riesling, Pinot gris, Rhône whites, aromatic whites, cider
  • Alcohol Tolerance: 15.5%
  • Nitrogen Needs: MEDIUM
  • Temp. Range: 56-61°F
That temp range is pretty darn low - lower than the ambient temp of the cellar.  Hmmm.  Think about that.  Would we be better off keeping the primary ferm tank outdoors in the shade for a week?

And, oh, it's raining.  Hard now.  Forecast is for rain through noon tomorrow, though it looks light.  Delay?

Sunday, October 30, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 37

1600

Well, we did rack yesterday, and only lost a couple of liters of volume.  We're cloudy now.  Free SO2 barely dropped according to today's reading (a surprise), but the pH still shows wildly high (as disappointment).  Have written Musto to see if they know what the pH was at the start - haven't heard back yet.  And i've just ordered some tartaric acid, which should be delivered tomorrow.  

The sample I've tested from has good color and tastes medium acidic, so I'm still puzzled by the pH.  

This article has a formula for raising pH - but using it suggests I'd need a pretty massive dose of tartaric for each carboy.  No way.  So I just gave up and ordered a new pH meter - this time with calibration and storage solutions.  Won't be here until Wednesday.

Meanwhile, I'll make some 10% meta solution and bump the free SO2 to 30 ppm.

Saturday, October 29, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 36

 0900:

Ready for racking, today or tomorrow.

  • Malic acid: ~ 75 g/L, which is not quite complete, but no visible action.  That raises the question of whether to raise the SO2 after racking or hold off.  Or just not raise it too much.
  • pH: ~4.4, which is really high and I'm hoping this is a bad reading.  It would mean we seriously need to add tartaric acid and a really walloping dose of meta.  Used a test strip color chart rather than the probe we bought years back.  (That machine needs new parts that we're not going to buy this year, or maybe ever.)  Will test again before using the pH to calculate how much meta to add to raise the free SO2.  But will maybe pick up some tartaric acid just in case.  Maybe also call Musto to see if they did any testing of pH when the grapes came in.
  • Free SO2: 18 ppm.
Accuvin malic acid test strips, Bartovation pH test strips, & Chemetrics Titrets free SO2 test.

Monday, October 24, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: Day 31

 1600

Back from a few days away.  Juice looks great, approaching clear.  Will rack this weekend, if not sooner.

Pretty near dead-still, so am thinking about the SO2 level.    Titrets test from carboy A indicated between 20 and 25 ppm free SO2 (20 to 25 mg/L).  So I feel OK for a couple of days.  But what level to boost it to when we rack?  My inclination is to use a bigger boost on this racking than I have in the past, especially I get lazy about the timing of the next rack.  Research!

MoreWine's sulfite guide.

Winemaker Magazine's sulfite calculator.

Friday, October 21, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 28

 0700

More MLF testing and general observations.

The Accuvin chromatography test reads (to my not completely trustworthy eye) somewhere between 75  mg/L and the 110 mg/L from four days ago.  Tough to pin down, because while the color looks right to me, it's much more opaque on the test strip than on the dot-printed color key.  (If winemaker Fabricant were  here he wouldn't be fooled.)

For a tad more detail, this Accuvin doc suggests that we're not complete, but are approaching the empty range between not complete (>75 mg/L) and complete (<35 ml/L).  I guess that what lies between the two numbers is opinion.

Closer to still, fewer rising bubbles of gas.  Not clear but the color continues to shift that way.  Took some pics and will try to put together some comparisons for posting later in the day.

Monday, October 17, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 24

 18:00

Woo hoo!  Just tasted the juice again, and did an Accuvin MLF color test.

Taste: very different already than it was five of days ago.  Less tart.  Less weird.  

And the test: I read it as 110 mg malic acid per liter (110 mg/L).  Now I really wish I had tested last week so I would have the comparison.  Sigh.  

Saturday, October 15, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 22

 



Airlocks popping about once every minute and a half.  
Many fewer pinprick bubbles still rising, but still constant.  
Color lightening, but, for comparison, a picture above of the 22 day old juice next to a years-old clear carboy (of muscat?  not labeled.  2018 Sauv. Blanc?  2016 Chard? 2015 Muscat A?  By color I'd guess the Muscat).

Wednesday, October 12, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 19

 Brix is -1.7, measured from carboy A.

The juice is becoming more translucent, very noticeable in the hydrometer tube.  Still far from transparent.  

Purchased AimTab Reducing Substance Tablets, which seem to be the popular replacement for Clinitest.  Have never used these before, but I wanted to see what an approximate chemical test would say in relation to the negative Brix readings.  After futzing around a bit and realizing, no, I should not simply substitute wine for urine in the standard diabetics test...  I found the relevant instruction sheet from the folks at Presque Isle.  I assumed we are in dry range, so:  

  • 0.5 ml (5 drops) wine into the test tube, 
  • add the AimTab and don't burn yourself (Warning! Contains sodium hydroxide...), 
  • wait for the sort of violent, hot, boiling reaction, and 
  • measure the resulting color in the test tube against the "2 drop" color chart.  

The result, to my eye, is 0.1% residual sugar in the wine.  Does that translate to 10 grams per liter?  Anyone?  If it does, we're at the upper edge of "dry" (1 to 10 g/L RS), and well below the standard definition of off-dry (17 to 35 g/L RS).

All of which is another way of saying, Uh huh, going pretty well.

Also, I tasted the juice.  Strange goings on at this point. Tart, apple-ish.  Really living in the middle ground between wine and juice.  Nothing bad, but maybe a taste that only a winemaker could love.  

Sunday, October 9, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 16

 0600


  • Brix -1.2 (carboy A)
  • ~70F, pretty much ambient room temp.  45 F outdoors.
Hard to see any color shift in the full carboys, but in the hydrometer tube the lightening and thinning of the juice is a little more apparent.  

Seems like we'll just let MLF happen if & when it chooses.  Won't feed it, but with the cellar staying at 70 F, it would be hard to stop it, even with a big dose of meta at the next racking.  (Would be interesting to take one of carboys up to Doyle's garage and let it over-winter there...)

Futzed some more about caps versus stoppers.  One of the carboys was bubbling much more slowly than the others.  Changed the cap to a drilled #7, et voila.  

Looked through some prior years for when whites had clarified enough for racking after getting them out of the primary tank: about a month.  That would mean likely racking some time around November 2.

Friday, October 7, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 14

 0400

  • Brix -0.6 (that's minus, from carboy D)
  • ~70 F (juice is pretty much at ambient temp)
The juice seems a bit thinner to me, more in the unfiltered apple juice range than in the thick cider/nectar range.  Fermentation still clearly happening.  All the airlocks look good, clean.  No gunk, seeds, etc. floating up to the collar.  
Did not taste the juice but will the next time we take any measurements.

Wednesday, October 5, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 12

 1500

  • Brix 0.1 measured from carboy C.
No foam in the hydrometer cylinder (filled with a wine thief).  Pin pricks up the glass walls, etc.  
Again, small numbers, but the surviving yeast are being voracious: almost 82% of the measurable sugars from 22 hours ago have been eaten and converted.  

Tuesday, October 4, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 11

 1700

235 hours since inoculation and Brix is just a smidge above 0.5 (measured from carboy B).  Steady as it goes.  Very clean.  Still waiting on a magical MLF decision (or non-decision, seeming ever more likely).  And here's a pic of the lees settling in carboy A.



Monday, October 3, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 10

 0630

Not taking any direct readings this morning.  

Everything looking exactly as you would hope.  Super-clean.  Each vessel's airlock popping every few seconds.  All those mesmerizing pinprick bubbles sliding upward along the surface of the carboys.  

Now the big question to consider:  malolactic fermentation?  What do we want to do?  Promote it?  Inhibit it?  Just let the juice do what it wants to do and hope that MLF doesn't start or continue after we've bottled the wine for the party?  We know we are not using oak: does that dictate anything re MLF for Chardonnay?  The little reading we've done is not conclusive on the last point.  We'll need to decide in the next few days.  Green apples, or golden apples?

Here's a typically unhelpful (to me) article in Wine Industry Advisor.  Something judgemental from Wine Folly.  Maybe there's something helpful in this Wine Enthusiast article

An unoaked version could also have buttery flavors, because the wine can still undergo malolactic fermentation in any type of container. Toad Hollow Vineyards has a perfect example of this in their Francine’s Selection Unoaked Chardonnay from Mendocino, which brings the butter without the oak.

So, quick, let's go get a bottle and taste it. 

And, for what it's worth, when we made Chardonnay in 2016 we did not prevent or promote MLF, and we kept the free SO2 low - lower than I'd be comfortable doing this year.  And in December MLF started up on it's own.  

2100

  • Brix = 1.0

Juice is at ambient room temperature.  Measured brix from a single carboy.  Will rotate going forward.

Sunday, October 2, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 9

 0730

  • Brix 2.1
  • Juice temp 72, room temp 74, outside 59 windy and about to drizzle
Another 20% drop in the last 10 hours.  No foam to speak of, lazy bubbles, and if you put your ear to the side of the tank there's still crackle.  If today's like yesterday we can expect something like 1.6 or 1.7 this evening and maybe 1.2 on the morning of day 10.  Maybe rack this afternoon and let ferm finish ina more airtight place.


14:30
  • Brix 1.5
  • Juice 72 F, room 71.5 F, outside 58 and rainy
Boom!  Done.  Lori and I moved the juice from the primary fermenter to 5+5+5+5+1+1 carboys and jugs, leaving behind maybe close to a gallon of watery sludge: maybe we could have used it to get to a 3-gallon CB, but we didn't.

Transfer was as easy as pie and very neat - no spillage.  Took the extra paranoid step of wrapping the carboy caps and drilled stoppers with cling wrap.  Washed the primary fermentation tank out in the street, and if it ever stops raining we'll get it meta'd and stowed.  (Did this now because tomorrow looks just too busy and I didn't want to let the juice go below zero in the primary if we weren't around.)  Took lots of pics & videos.  Using caps on the carboys, drilled stoppers on the jugs, and 3-piece airlocks all around.  

A couple of videos.  What the xfer looks like - long and sort of boring, but, hey, it takes a year to get to where we're going, so relax.  And a look at the sludge at the bottom of the fermenter.  Much more liquid than I expected and, repeating what I wrote above,  I wonder if we should have simply saved it in a 3-gallon CB along with the 2 gallons that went into jusgs.  Too late.
The darlings,



Saturday, October 1, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 8

 0800

  • Brix 3.5
  • Juice temp 72, room temp 71, outdoors 54 and raining

Small as the numbers are, 16% of the sugar that was there at last night's reading have been converted.  
Sound and sight are the same as last evening.
The juice temp is within a degree of the ambient room temp.  At the hottest point in the fermentation it was 6 degrees warmer than the room.

Probably today's the day to clean the carboys.  The last time we had this quantity of white juice (Muscat C) we went into 4 5-gallon carboys, and one 3-gallon.  Will prepare five 5's, a 3, and a jug or two.


Interlude:  Cleaned five 5-gallon carboys and one 3-gal.  Will clean them again with meta when rack into them.
Also sorted through stoppers and bubblers, and whatnot, gave them a little scrub, and set them into meta to soak.  It's a little goofy to see all the types of stoppers we've used through the years.  I'm not a fan of the two bubble airlock any more and much prefer the three piece.  I always worry about rubber stoppers popping our, so I've wound up with a few theoretically breathable silicon thingies, and lots of those orange two-spout carboy caps (which I don't trust, either).  It's a hard life.

20:00
  • Brix 2.6
  • Juice 72 F, room 73 F, outside 60 F and overcast.
42% of the available sugars were eaten by the surviving yeast since last evening.  Only day 5 really compared.  Still, it doesn't seem like we'll get to zero tomorrow.  Maybe Monday (day 10).  Or maybe we just go a little early into the smaller vessels.  Same considerations every year.

Tasted the juice: would have more quickly guessed it was hard cider than that it was becoming wine.  Color may have influenced taste - it's that custardy thick yellow the whites always have at this point in the process.  Whatever the reason, it tasted good.  

Friday, September 30, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 7

 0500:

  • Brix 5
  • Juice temp 74 F, room temp 72 F, outdoors 55 F & cloudy
OK, still not quite 5 on the short scale, but closer.  
No visible bubbler activity, but I've made this sound recording of the sizzling inside the tank (after turning off the noisy exhaust fan).  Plenty of action.

Fiddling with the numbers while the juice burns: even though the brix numbers are getting small, the % of remaining sugar that's being converted daily is remaining large.  On day 6, when the brix budged from the prior evening's 7.5 to that evening's 5.25, 32.5% of the available sugar was converted, making it the third most productive day of fermentation.  (Why, really Why, do I feel like I need to say these things.)  

17:30
  • Brix 4.2 (short scale hydrometer)
  • Juice temp 74 F, room temp 72 F, outside 62 F and cloudy
OK, we're really under 5 brix, per the short scale hydrometer.  Juice looks and sounds much the same as this morning.  141 hours in since pitching yeast and about 84% of the sugar has been converted.  The current ABV is theoretically as high as 12.2%, with plenty more to go.  We'll see where we are tomorrow morning, but it feels a little less likely today that we'll be racking on day 9 than it felt a couple of days ago.

Thursday, September 29, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 6

 07:00

  • Brix 6
  • Juice temp 76 F; room 72 F; outside 54 and clear.
Flat surface, little or no foam, some sizzle and circulation.  Bubbler is popping once every 5 seconds.  Alcohol possibly above 11% now, and a little more than 22% of the sugar still present.  Will add the chart tonight.


18:00

  • Brix 5.25.  Well, not really.  But the hydrometer said 5, so I switched to the short scale hydrometer, which said more than 5 (it only really mesures 5 and lower), so I'm saying five and a quarter and living with it.  Poo.  Not unusual for hydrometer readings to vary.
  • Juice temp 74, room 72, outside 65
118 hours since inoculation.  Bubbler is popping about once every 38 seconds.  CO2 production way down, juice is cooling, a hell of a lot less sugar for the yeast to eat, but still enough CO2 to protect the juice.  

Here's what the firm looks like now.  Excuse the sound, which is fans and fridges.

Wednesday, September 28, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 5

 06:00

  • Brix 9.5
  • Juice temp 78 F, room 72 F, outdoors 54 and clear.
82 hours since adding yeast.  CO2 is popping the bubbler once every 2 seconds.  Foam is flat, sparkly.  About 1/3 of the sugars are left.  

The lines for brix and likely current alcohol content are kissing now (9.5 Brix and 9.35 ABV), and will likely be crossed at this evening's reading.  
For comparison, 
  • the 2019 Muscat C, which started at about 24 brix and had a very slow start to fermentation, crossed at about the same brix and ABV, but at closer to 120 hours.  
  • The 2018 Suav. Blanc, which started at about the same sugar level as this year's Chardonnay, crossed during the evening between day 5 and 6.
So this year looks to be faster to this point than the last two outings.  


So maybe we should start projecting out to when we might rack off the gross lees?  Here's some white grape history.

  • 2019, day 9
  • 2018, day 9
  • 2016, day 9 (and this was Lanza Chardonnay)
  • 2015, day 8
Sunday, Oct. 2 looks most likely.



23:00
  • Brix 7.5
  • Juice temp 76 F; outside 63 F and cloudy.
Little foam, if any.  Sparkly.  Still popping just under 1 every 2 seconds.
All is well.  ight switch to the short scale hydrometer in the morning, or certainly by tomorrow evening.

Tuesday, September 27, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 4

 4:30

  • Brix: 15
  • Juice temp 80; room temp 74; outside 61 & cloudy
Much flatter foam, did not foul overnight.  Still popping the bubbler 1 per second.  2 degrees F hotter.  About 57% of the sugar is left to ferment.  Alcohol level probably now 6%.  



19:00
  • Bix: 12
  • Juice 79 F; Room 74 F; Outside 65 F, partly cloudy.
Still pumping once per second, but foam is now flat and sizzly.  Slight decrease to temp.  All is well.  Tomorrow will compare it to other years.

Monday, September 26, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 3

 05:30

  • Brix 22 (hydrometer)
  • Juice temp 74 F; room temp 73.5 F; outdoor temp 59 F and clear
Big, lazy shag, 5:30 AM
Big, lazy, shaggy foam.  We've dropped just a smidge over 10% of the sugar in the juice over the +35 hours since we added the yeast (43 hours since we started sorting and everything else).  Yes, we have a spreadsheet going and will be able to compare things to prior fermentations.

13:30
Mayhem!  Thought I'd come home to work from there this afternoon, opened the cellar door and was nearly blown backwards by the smell.  It's official - we don't have to worry that the fermentation will be week because we did not add any yeast food.  

Bubbler was blown out and yeast scum had flowed down all four sides of the tank.  Cleaned it up as best I could, put the lid and bubbler back with less water in the trap (so it would burp less violently), but it was burping every couple of seconds and nearly throwing itself out.  So for the next hour or two I'm letting the ferm go without the bubbler: no worries about oxygen while the juice is throwing off so much CO2.
15:20
Bubbler back in.  12 burps every 10 seconds.  That's a lot of gas. Can feel the heat through the poly.

18:30
  • Brix 18
  • Juice temp 78 F; room temp 73 F; outdoor temp 71 F & cloudy
Pretty awesome.  steady bubbler popping but no overflow.  Given how active everything was I'm relieved we're still as high as 18 brix.  Hot as the juice is, we're still a long way off from it's max survivable temp of 86 F.  




13:30 megaspew
... under the hood

Sunday, September 25, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 2

 07:45

  • Brix 26 (hydrometer)
  • Juice temp 68 F; room temp 73; outdoor temp 62
Yeast action starting.  7:45 AM.

A little yeast action already happening - happy to see that.  The juice is still very cool from the grapes being stored at Musto and then worked yesterday when the temps ranged from 56 F to 70 F.  Will keep an exhaust fan on in the cellar and maybe a cooling fan pointed at the tank.  Don't know whether I'll use any ice-packs inside the juice: might tape some to the tank once fermentation gets going in earnest.  

Can see that lots of sediment is already drifting down and, if not piling all the way across the bottom, is at least piling along the edges of the tank.  We did use a coarser sieve when adding juice to the tank this year: could add to the goop.  

13:00
Put your ear against the wall of the fermenter.  Sizzle.

21:00
  • Brix 24.5 (by hydrometer)
  • Juice temp 72 F; room 74 F; outdoor 66 F and pouring rain.
Notable lack of foam, but a constant fine bubbling.  Listen to the sizzle (and try to ignore the hum of fridges and fan).

And thank MH, StVH, for the awesome caches of photos: will get some posted soon.

Saturday, September 24, 2022

2022 Chardonnay: day 1

 7:50 AM: KVH has the grapes (12x36#), yeast (R2 - enough for 30 gallons of wine), and replacement gasket for our 100 poly tank.  ETA in Brooklyn is a very optimistic 10:30 AM.  

10:15 AM: Holy mackerel.  The grapes are here and are beautiful.  Refractometer readings vary but are just about all between 25 and 27 brix.  

The middle hours: We set up a bit differently this year, deciding to do all of the sorting, destemming and stomping before any of the pressing.  And then, because the grapes were all in the stomping barrels out on the sidewalk, we set the press up out there.  Before pressing, though, much of the other equipment was washed and stowed.  

Only so many of us can be involved in the pressing at one time.  If you're doing it, you're very involved.  If you're watching, it's boring and, gee, why does it go so slow?    But the slowness paid off - the juice yield equaled what we had in 2019, just about 100 liters.  

Really not sure what time we started pressing (someone fill me in) but the video of Ron adding the last of the juice to the primary fermenter was taken at just about 3 PM.  

The latter hours:  Press washed & stowed, barrels washed & stowed, sorting tables washed and stowed.  Front yard made again to look like people live here, and not like an industrial site.  LUNCH! which lasted until 9 PM for some of us, with James's puttanesca as the main meal.  

Brix reading by hydrometer at 6 PM was 26.5.
Pitched 30 grams of R2 yeast shortly after.

Winemakers, thank you!
So many of you took charge of chores.  Will shout out when the pics get collected my memory gets jogged.


Sunday, September 11, 2022

Hello, winemakers, we're back

 After a pandemic hiatus of a couple of years, it looks like we're back.  Targeting September 24 for the crush.  Targeting grapes from the Lanza vinyard.  No real details yet beyond that.  Stay tuned.

Sunday, October 6, 2019

2019 Muscat Canelli, day 15

The shoe and the collar

Three photos to help describe where the wine is at.

Relatively still, occasional bits raising to the surface.  Bubblers are no longer steady.

You can see that as we moved toward the bottom of the primary fermenter the must that was coming out had increasingly more grape solids and dead yeast.  This isn't exact, but CB1 has about two inches of lees drifted along its bottom edge, and CB4 has about three inches of lees along the edge.  (It's unlikely that these are the depths of the lees all the way across - the walls at the edge catch more, really like drifts.)  CB5 also known now as the dregs, isn't pictured: a small dog would disappear in its lees.

The collar on CB3 is representative of the rest.  Very thin line of bubbles.  Lots of schmutz up by the stopper from when the must was very active and still fouling the bubblers.  There's more headspace than we usually like.  I'll clean all the necks to make sure nothing bad grows there and bothers the must.  I can either add some sterilized glass marbles to eliminate the headspace or just relax.

Lees in CB4
Lees in CB1
Collar of CB3

Monday, September 30, 2019

2019 Muscat Canelli, recap of days 1 through 10

Here's some recap and thoughts, running from the grape purchase, through crush day, and then to racking the must off the gross lees.

First, even if whoever you talk to at the grape merchant says you don't need to place an order in advance, do it anyway if you know you have someone to do the driving.  Not doing it this year meant we missed out on the Sauv. Blanc grapes that we wanted to work with (though the Muscat C are another wow and another adventure).

Second, because September is nutty busy at the 11th Street homestead and we just don't know very far in advance whether we'll have a Saturday, Sunday, or both for winemaking, we've had a number of years in the last four or five where we brought the grapes down on a Saturday and then worked the wine on a Sunday.  But it's good to know that, at least if we're only making white or only making red, there's plenty of time to set up while the grapes are on their three hour drive down from Hartford, then do the crush day work, clean up, and still have a fine feast for the winemakers.  This year we even finished the setup a little too early and had an hour of downtime before the grapes arrived.

Third, bring the stomping barrels and primary fermenters up from the cellar at least a few days before crush day, even the weekend before.  It seems unavoidable that they come out of the cellar smelling musty.  A week of sunshine and fresh air makes a big, big difference to getting them ready to work with.

Fourth, if we're making whites, use two barrels for stomping instead of the one that we used this year and last.  That way the sorting and destemming crews don't have to wait and twiddle their thumbs while the stompers and press crews do their thing.  At one point this year we must have had at least a half dozen folks just watching the press gang because the operations were all bottlenecked.  Doodle doo.

Fifth, do all the yeast research so that expectations are set.  I might not have sweated completely filling the 100 liter fermenter if I understood how low-foaming QA23 is.

Sixth, just go ahead and purchase new bubblers every year.  It won't break the bank and we won't have to worry whether there's any leftover scuzz in the downspout.

Seventh, either run the big honkin commercial fan in the cellar or consider buying a portable AC unit that can vent out through the back hatch.  It would be pretty far out to see if we could keep the cellar 10 degrees cooler and see how that might affect the fermentation.  Why?  The must tracked the ambient cellar temperature within a one or two degrees farenheit all through the primary.

That's the bulk of it. HUGE THANKS to everyone who had their hands or feet in the grapes this year.  It's hard to express what it means to us to have you all here, working, laying the groundwork for the ridiculous June celebration


And here's a little day 10 update.

In the first 8 hours after the transfer to carboys all of the bubblers fouled at least once, but are now clean and gurgling happily.  Counterintuitively (to me), the small vessel that had the yeasty bottom of the fermenter poured into it and then became a volcano of foam, is now the quietest of the gang.

Here's what CB 3 of 5 looks like. (And I should really get into the habit of loading the video to Youtube or Vimeo so they are better quality, but... lazy!)


Sunday, September 29, 2019

2019 Muscat C., day 9

6:30 AM
Cellar 77 F, outside 71 F, must 79 F
Brix: 0

It's time to move the wine.  Still fizzing, brix readings bouncing around zero.

I have not been checking for acid, pH, SO2, and really want to avoid any fiddling.  Still, since I wanted to look at a sample of the must, I took a quickie.  3.48, a tad high and I will test again before moving the wine to carboys.  If I were a really good person I'd also haul out the acid test chems.  (And after hitting 'publish' I tested pH again with more patience: 3.45.)

Some pics: the hopeful empties getting themselves ready; a sample of the must after it's been sitting a few minutes and you can get a feel for just how much yeast and solids are in it; the slightly too high  pH reading.
Hopeful empties.

Settling.  Lots of gunk.
A more patient reading gave me 3.45.



11:30 AM
Hoot, mon! 

We've moved from the primary fermenter to 5+5+5+5+3, leaving a fair amount of very yeasty must behind.  The transfers of the firs four carboys were silky smooth. I decided that rather than have a completely mucky fifth 5 gallon I'd go into a three, but that did not stop the three from being insanely lee-filled and nearly volcanic.  Pictures below tell the story.  The three gallon carboy was so out of control I decided to stick a wine thief into the stopper to create an extra long chimney for the gassing off.  when it calms I'll go back to the bubbler. 
Racking off of the gross lees.



Saturday, September 28, 2019

2019 Muscat C., day 8

8:00 AM
Cellar 75.5 F, outside 64 F, must 78 F
Brix: 3.8*

Used the short scale hydrometer directly in the fermenter and readings bobbled around over the course of a minute or two from 3.6 to 3.9 and I'm calling it 3.8.  Today we should move from the fermenter to carboys.  The visible ferment is much as it's been and progressing as it has the last few days - fine fizzy bubbling, no foam.

9:30 PM 
Cellar 77 F, outside 73 F, must 78 F
Brix: 2.6

Well, too much block party, too much playing, too much winding down after a Negroni at home.  Distributing the must into carboys will have to wait until the morning.  All else is steady as she goes.

Friday, September 27, 2019

2019 Muscat C., day 7

7:30 AM 
Cellar 75 F, outside 59 F, must 76
Brix: Probaby 6

The long scale hydrometer is saying that Brix is 5ish and the short scale hydrometer is saying No way, dude, I think you're at least 6. So I've put it into the chart as 6.  Happens every year, this disagreement, at right about this stage.  You'd think I'd try to calibrate the two.

The must is so chunky in the test cylinder, and there's no foam in the fermenter, so that it's become easier to test Brix in the fermenter itself.  I also thought about just straining what I put into the test cylinder.  Maybe this evening.

I haven't said anything about color.  It's still apple juice brown.  It's hard to imagine it becoming the custard yellow and then the final mellow yellow that we've seen in the carboys each year we've made Muscat A.  (And, coinkydink, last night with dinner we drank Zibibbio in Pithos from COS - Zibibbio is the local name for Muscat Alexandria. Alissandria.  It's yellow.)

Rough calculation is that the must is now something like 10% alcohol, using the low end of the sugar to alcohol conversion rate (.55), and heading to 13%.

(The conversion rate can be from .55 to .64. From what I read, you'd need a cooler ferment to get to higher alcohol in white wine - a lot cooler than ours. And QA23 yeast dies at 16% alcohol.  So, assuming we ferment to dryness at high heat and the starting juice was at 24 Brix: 24*.55=13.2% alcohol.  We might have residual sugar lowering the alcohol, or we might have a higher conversion rate raising the alcohol, and we won't know.  We've never had the alcohol level of the wine professionally tested.)

9:00 PM
Cellar 75 F, outside 65 F, must 76
Brix: Probaby 4.5

Fizz continues to get slower and finer.  At this point we can probably just move to carboys, especially given how little foam is being generated - none, really.  On the other hand, there's so little headspace in the fermenter that it feels fine to let it go closer to zero.  Will decide tomorrow.

Not clear how much will be lost to the gross lees, or how much of those lees we'll want to transfer into the last carboy, but we're likely looking at five full 5 gallon carboys with a gallon of lee-chunky juice to toy with.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

2019 Muscat C., day 6


6 AM
Room 75 F, Wine 77 F, Outside 61 F
Brix 10

No bubbler action. Fermentation is fine and fizzy, as it has been for a couple of days, with no foaming.

The Brix measurement is at 10, but the bubbling inside of the measuring cylinder is so strong that after a minute or so the hydrometer is obscured.  This evening I'll try to get a decent photo of what the juice looks like in the cylinder - very chunky seeming.  

At 108 hours we've converted about 58% of the sugar, most of it in the last 72 hours.


8:30 PM
Room 76 F, wine 77 F, Outside 66 F
Brix 8

Fizz is finer and the delta from this morning is much less than last night's delta. Hurry up and wait. Might be in range of the short scale hydrometer tomorrow evening, if not morning.

I mentioned this morning that the juice (now must) is awfully chunky.  Video below.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

2019 Muscat C., Day 5

6 AM: Cellar: 75, Outside: 59, Wine: 78
Brix: 18*

Why the * for Brix? I measured it in the beaker, and that's what's shown.  I measured it in the tank, where it's fizzing like nuts, and got readings that started at 12 and rose to 15. Fun to see and it would save some cleaning, but probably not a great idea. But either way it's the largest dip in Brix between readings.

Much like last evening, only more so.  Almost all fizz and no foam.

6 PM: Cellar: 756 Outside: 75, Wine: 77
Brix: 15.5

Visually and audibly much the same as this morning.  Brix dropping quickly.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

2019 Muscat C, day 4

5:45 AM
Cellar: 77 F
Outside: 67 F
Juice: 78 F
Brix: 22 (Oh, for Pete's sake)

Shag much the same, & no bubbler action.  (Let's get some more fermentation going, fellas.)  Last evening and this morning increasing smell of winemaking down there, if not any more measurable evidence.  Pouring the beaker of juice back into the tank, after testing Brix, sets up heavy bubbling reaction, so you know stuff is going on down there. Not having any bubbler action just makes me worry whether 60 hours after pressing the juice is throwing off enough CO2 to protect itself.

9:30 PM
Cellar: 76 F
Outside: 67 F
Juice: 78 F
Brix: 21

Very unexpected change! Foam has broken up into little cheesy pieces, and it's fizzing like hell. Check the video and turn up the volume.

No bubbler action, even with all that fizz, and so I've lessened the amount of water in the bubbler - maybe it was just too big a burp to sustain.  Have strapped icepacks to the outside of the tank again.

Monday, September 23, 2019

2019 Muscat C., day 3

6:30 AM
Cellar: 76 F
Outside: 70 F
Juice: 76 F
Brix: 22

No bubbler action but louder, more active shaggy surface.  Again, juice is at the ambient temperature of the room.  Drop of 2 Brix if I have it right, - about 8% from 24 hours ago.  Forecast for today is to reach 88 F - versus 66 F for a year ago.  Let's try strapping ice packs to the beast.


9:30 PM
Cellar 80
Outside 70
Juice 80
Brix 22

No measured difference in Brix, and no visual difference in foam.  Too warm!  The outside temp has dropped and tomorrow will be a high of 79 with an overnight low 10 degrees lower.   The heat in the cellar is worrisome - 6 degrees F higher than day 3 last year.  I've strapped icepacks to the fermenter.  

Sunday, September 22, 2019

2019 Muscat C, day 2

7AM
7 AM:
Outside: 60 F
Cellar 75 F
Juice: 70 F
Brix: 24

A little surprised and pleased to see that the yeast has already taken.  The foam looks deeper than it is - it's only a half inch or so, but then there's no headspace other than the wide opening of the fermenter, so it's all channeled there.

No decision yet regarding siphoning off a few gallons to create more headspace.  Tick tick tick.


9 PM:
Outside: 75 F
Cellar 76 F
Juice: 74 F
Brix: 23

Shag is a little heavier, maybe slightly noisier.  Brix is close enough to this morning's reading that there may or may not have been a real change yet. Still not threatening to overflow.  Still not enough CO2 action to move the bubbler.  Can't say if the juice temp is from the fermentation or just rising to meet the ambient temperature.  Wish it were cooler outside, but we're in for a warm week. Tomorrow I'll try to strap cooling blocks to the outside of the fermenter - might not conduct through the plastic, but worth a shot given that the tank is too full to put the coolers inside.

2019 Muscat Canelli day 1 - Sep 21 2019

A pretty perfect day 1. Winemakers, you rock!

Phil and Erin were the early birds, with David right on their tail.  We finished setting up and cleaning all of the equipment by 10 AM or so. (Getting the destemmer out of the cellar was the usual problem, and a very good natured passer-bye pitched in.)

Karen arrived with the 12 36# lugs of Muscat C. not much after 11.  Unloading was quick and everyone dug into the grapes.  They were in very good shape, a little more raisining than we saw in last year's Sav. Blanc, and very little rot.  Testing for Brix was all over the place depending on the cluster and the lug.  everything from 24 to 26.

Way too many grapes to do everything in a single stomp, and that probably led to an hour of extra time in the winemaking.  We had to stop destemming and wait for the stomped grapes to get fed through the bladder press (maybe 3 to 4 batches into the press).  Doodle doo.  Note to self: we can fix that next year by using two stomping barrels, filling the second one with destemmed grapes while the first is being stomped.

Nathan was first into the barrel, then Karen. Then a complete stranger who got sucked into the whirlwind. (Did anybody get her name?)

Putting the stomped grapes through the press got us a great amount of juice before even inflating the bladder.  Mihai was, again, the press master.

After clearing the barrel we did it all again, and this time the only stomper was - again - a young woman who passed bye and was very into it - she even went home to change into stomping togs and returned.  (Name? She said we should take the winemaking on the road to Soho and charge folks $180 for the pleasure of the stomping.) Michael G took over for me getting the juice into the fermenter.

100 liters on the nose!

Cleanup went until some time between 2 and 3, I think.  And then the heroes' lunch.

Pitched 30 grams of QA23 at 8 PM.  Getting a brix reading just before pitching was also pretty unreliable.

Here are the worries:

  • Temp during winemaking and this entire coming week are about 20 F higher than last year.  So I'm worried the cellar temps might be high and the ferment too fast.
  • There's 100 liters in the 100 liter tank.  Will we have an insanely overflowing mount of foam? Should I siphon out 10 liters to make headroom and let that other 10 ferment in a carboy? I've pitched all the yeast - will the siphon juice have enough yeast distributed in it not to get stuck?